Le Mur – Le p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre fortifi\u00e9 entoure la structure urbaine d\u2019origine du XIIIe si\u00e8cle, transform\u00e9e d\u2019abord \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Moyen-\u00c2ge puis moderne sous la pression des changements \u00e9conomiques et sociaux. La muraille est bris\u00e9e par dix tours et une porte monumentale fortifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","descrizione_completa":"
Le centre historique de Serra de’ Conti offre un exemple significatif d\u2019installation urbaine d\u2019origine du XIIIe si\u00e8cle, r\u00e9am\u00e9nag\u00e9e et transform\u00e9e d\u2019abord \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque du Moyen-\u00c2ge puis moderne sous la pouss\u00e9e des changements \u00e9conomiques et sociaux. Le long du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre de la ville antique, situ\u00e9e sur une cr\u00eate vallonn\u00e9e le long de la vall\u00e9e de la rivi\u00e8re Misa, se trouve la muraille bris\u00e9e par dix tours et une porte monumentale fortifi\u00e9e. Nous pouvons distinguer, au cours des si\u00e8cles, trois phases distinctes de construction. La construction du premier noyau fortifi\u00e9, le Girone (XIIe-XIIe si\u00e8cle). Le terme \u00ab\u00a0Girone\u00a0\u00bb est encore utilis\u00e9 dans la langue parl\u00e9e dans les communes de la Senigalliese pour d\u00e9signer l\u2019endroit le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 du centre historique sur lequel se dressait une fortification munie d\u2019une porte d\u2019acc\u00e8s qui renfermait \u00e0 son int\u00e9rieur une tour et un palatium seigneuriale. \u00c0 Serra de’ Conti, ce noyau primitif fortifi\u00e9 se dressait dans la partie la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e de la colline, en suivant l\u2019axe de Via Garibaldi, dans une zone qui couvre grosso modo la partie comprise entre l\u2019actuelle Piazza IV Novembre et Piazza Gramsci et limit\u00e9e vers l\u2019ouest par Corso Roma. En dehors du Girone, il y avait des villages qui seront ensuite incorpor\u00e9s dans l\u2019enceinte. La premi\u00e8re expansion remonte aux ann\u00e9es 1280-1350. Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, l\u2019expansion du centre fortifi\u00e9 affecte le versant ouest de la colline, celui de moindre pente. La colonie prend une forme plus complexe, typiquement m\u00e9di\u00e9vale, avec la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019un axe routier principal (identifiable dans l\u2019actuel corso Roma) et deux autres rues parall\u00e8les lat\u00e9rales. On note \u00e9galement l\u2019insertion d\u2019un axe orthogonal identifiable dans l\u2019escalier actuel qui m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la Porte de la Croix. L\u2019agrandissement de l\u2019espace urbain rend n\u00e9cessaire une restructuration du syst\u00e8me de fortification : vers la fin du ‘200 les portes d\u2019acc\u00e8s deviennent trois et leur nom correspond aux trois anciennes \u00e9glises b\u00e9n\u00e9dictines ext\u00e9rieures au ch\u00e2teau (Sainte Marie, Saint Etienne de Busseto et Sainte Lucie). Une expansion ult\u00e9rieure du p\u00e9rim\u00e8tre a lieu au XVe si\u00e8cle avec des interventions de restauration et d\u2019agrandissement des murs ch\u00e2telains qui se prolongent jusqu\u2019au si\u00e8cle suivant. Des trois portes originales, il ne reste que la porte de la Croix, les deux autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9molis au cours du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. La Porte de la Croix est l\u2019un des t\u00e9moignages les plus significatifs de l\u2019architecture militaire du XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Elle \u00e9tait \u00e0 l\u2019origine \u00e9quip\u00e9e d\u2019un pont-levis et gard\u00e9e par des tours.Il se compose de deux parties construites dans des temps successifs. La premi\u00e8re correspondant \u00e0 l\u2019arc int\u00e9rieur en plein cintre remonte au ‘200 et \u00e9tait \u00e0 l\u2019origine surmont\u00e9e d\u2019un passage prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par des cr\u00e9neaux carr\u00e9s appel\u00e9s \u00ab\u00a0guelfa\u00a0\u00bb. La deuxi\u00e8me partie ext\u00e9rieure avec arc gothique et tourn\u00e9e de 90 degr\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 la plus ancienne remonte au sec. XIV avanc\u00e9 et \u00e9tait \u00e9galement surmont\u00e9e d\u2019un chemin prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par une croute en queue d\u2019aronde dite \u00ab\u00a0ghibelline\u00a0\u00bb. En 1648, la lunette de l\u2019arc int\u00e9rieur fut peinte avec une D\u00e9position de J\u00e9sus sur la Croix, aujourd\u2019hui transf\u00e9r\u00e9e pour des raisons de conservation dans l\u2019\u00e9glise de Santa Croce (appos\u00e9e sur le mur droit) et remplac\u00e9e par une \u0153uvre contemporaine du m\u00eame sujet ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e par le Ma\u00eetre Bruno d\u2019Arcevia. Porta Santa Maria a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9molie en 1867 parce qu\u2019elle emp\u00eachait le passage des chariots et privait d\u2019air et de lumi\u00e8re le couvent de San Carlo. Le m\u00eame sort est arriv\u00e9 \u00e0 la porte de Santa Lucia, reconstruite en position plus avanc\u00e9e et dans le style n\u00e9o-classique au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle et partiellement d\u00e9mantel\u00e9e apr\u00e8s 1882 pour des raisons analogues \u00e0 celles observ\u00e9es pour la porte de Santa Maria. En 1826, la tour du Girone dispara\u00eet, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme dangereuse et dans les ann\u00e9es suivantes, plusieurs interventions de reconstruction et de consolidation du circuit de ma\u00e7onnerie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9es. En 1828, la section de murs \u00e0 droite de la porte de la Croix a \u00e9t\u00e9 refaite, en 1849, la section nord-est (sous l\u2019ancien h\u00f4pital) a \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9e et en 1867 on r\u00e9am\u00e9nage le segment sous le potager des Franciscains. Remonte aux ann\u00e9es trente du XXe si\u00e8cle la vaste consolidation des murs sous le couvent de Santa Maria Maddalena avec l\u2019insertion de forts contreforts.<\/p>\n","civico":"","indirizzo":"centro storico","cap":"60030","provincia":"Ancona","citta":"Serra de' 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